Freiberufler vs Gewerbe, trade registration, and Finanzamt setup.
New businesses usually need to register tax details with the Finanzamt through ELSTER. VAT status, small-business rules and processing times depend on current law and your business setup; always verify on ELSTER or with a qualified tax advisor.
Germany distinguishes between Freiberufler (freelancers in regulated professions: IT consultants, engineers, doctors, teachers, artists) and Gewerbetreibende (tradespeople running a Gewerbe: shops, agencies, most online businesses). Key difference: Freiberufler don't pay Gewerbesteuer (trade tax) and have simpler bookkeeping. Your Finanzamt decides your classification. If you're an IT consultant from India - you're likely Freiberufler. If you open a restaurant - that's Gewerbe.
If you start a Gewerbe, registration is handled by the responsible Gewerbeamt and may also trigger tax and chamber-of-commerce steps. Fees, forms and follow-up obligations vary by city and business type; always verify on the official authority website.
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